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¡@¡@¦¹³ø§i¤À¬°¤T³¡¤À¡A²Ä¤@³¡¤À²­z«Â·G¡E¥¬¹p§J (William Blake) ªº¥Í¥­¡F²Ä¤G³¡¤À¬°¤ÀªR1795¦~¤Q¤G´T¤j«¬±m¦â¦L¨ê§@«~¤§§Î¦¡¡B¹Ï¹³»P¥i¯à¹ïÀ³ªº¤å³¹¤º®e¡B¤Q¤G´T¹Ïªº±Æ¦C¶¶§Ç¡B¥H¤Î¾ÇªÌ­Ì¹ï¨ä±Æ¦C¤§«á©Ò¸ÑÄÀªº¾ãÅé·N¸q¡F²Ä¤T³¡¤À«h¬O°Q½×¥¬¹p§J¸àÄÀ¸t¸gùظÓÁô·I¥S»P¨È§B¤§¦º³o­ÓÃD§÷ªº³Ð§@¤è¦¡¡A±N¥¬¹p§J©Ò§e²{ªº¹Ï¹³¹ï·Ó¹L¥h¨ä¥LÃÀ³N®a´¿¸g¸àÄÀ¹Lªº¦P¼ËijÃD¡A¦A¦¸´M§ä¥¬¹p§J³Ð§@ªº¤¤¤ß·N¹Ï¡A¦P®É¦^À³¨ì¤Q¤G´T±m¦â¦L¨ê§@«~ªí²{ªº¤º²[¡C¹ï©ó¥¬¹p§J¸Ö¤å¼g§@ªº³¡¥÷¡AÁö¤´²¤¦³´£¤Î¡A¦ý¸Ö¤å»P´¡µe¤§¶¡ªº¤¬°Ê¤£¥]¬A¦b¦¹¤å³¹¥D­n°Q½×¤º®e¡A¦Ó¬O¥H¥¬¹p§J¹ï©ó¸t¸g¡B¦Ìº¸¹y¡B²ï¤h¤ñ¨Èµ¥¬J¦³¤å¥»¤§¸àÄÀ¬°¥D¡C

 ²Ä¤@³¡¤À¡G²­z¥¬¹p§J(William Blake 1757-1827)ªº¥Í¥­

¡@¡@ ¥Í©ó1757¦~­Û´°¤p±d®a®x¤¤¡A¦b¥®¤p®É´NÅãÅS¤F¹ï©ó¸Ö¤Î½u±ø²Õ¦Xªº¤Ñ¥÷¡C¤Q·³®É³Q°e¨ìHenry Pars ªº¯À´y¾Ç®Õ¤¤¡A°V½m¦¨¬°¥j¸³ÀJ¨èªº½Æ»s¥Û»Iű³yªÌ¡C¥Lªº®a®x­I´º»PFlaxman ¬Û¦ü¡A³£¬O¨ü´L·q¥B¦³´¼ÃѲ[¾iªº¥Í·N¤H¡C±q¥Lªº¸Ö¤¤¥iª¾¦~»´ªº¥¬¹p§J¹ï©ó®Ñµe¥jÄy¤§¾\Ū¯AÂy¬Æ²`¡A¥LªºÃÀ³N¤Ñ¥÷ÅãµM¬O¥Ñ¾\Ū¦Ó¨Ó¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿ÃÀ³N³Ð§@ªº¦L¶H¡C¤Q¤­·³®É¡A¦¨¬°James Basire ªº¾Ç®{¡A¨ä¬°¤@¦ì¨è»kµe®a¨Ã´£¨Ñ¥Xª©°Ó¤j¶qªº´¡¹Ïª©µe¡A¦bBasrie¤§¤U¾Ç²ß¤C¦~¡A²ß±o¼Ð·Ç»ÉªO¨è»kªº§Þ³N¡A¤]¦¨¬°¤@½ú¤l¿Ñ¥Íªº§Þ¯à¡C¥¬¹p§Jªºµo®i¬O¾a¦Û¨­ªº¼ö¸Û»P¦n©_¤ß¡A¥Ñ¥L°¾¦n¤åÃÀ´_¿³ªºµw½u±ø¡A¬Û¹ï©ó·í®É¤Ú¬¥§JÂ×´Iªº¦â½Õ¡A¥iª¾¥Lªº¿W¥ß§PÂ_¯à¤O¡C¥Lªº§@«~Joseph of Arimathea (fig. 1)

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fig. 2 fig. 3

¡A½u±ø¨è»kµe¡A¬O®Ú¾ÚMichelangelo ªºCrucifixion of St. Peter (fig. 2) ¤@µe½m²ß¦Ó¨Ó¡A®i²{¤F¨ä·Q¹³ªº¨Ó·½¡CBasire °e¥¬¹p§J¥h Westminster Abbey ¾Ç²ß¤¤¥j¥@¬ö­^°êªº¹Ó«Ç¬Ó®a¨v¹³¡A³o¥vBlake±µÄ²¨ì­ô¼w¦¡§Î¦¡¤Î±¡ºü±i¤O¡A©M¥L±µ¤U¨Óªºµo®i±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¡C¤¤¥@¬öªº§Î¦¡¡A­ô¼w½u±øªº¬y°Ê¡A¥j¨å²M´·ªº½ü¹ø¡A¤§«á³£¿Ä¦X¦b¥Lªº¯À´y¤¤¡C 

¡@¡@¥¬¹p§J©ó1779¦~µ²§ô¥Lªº¾Ç®{¥Í²P¡A¸Õ¹ÏÅý¦Û¤v±q½Æ»s¨è»k®a´£¤É¦Ü­ì³Ð©Êªº¾ú¥vµe®a¡C¥L¥[¤J¤F¬Ó®a¬ü³N¾Ç®Õ(Royal Academy School)¡A¦ýµLªk±µ¨ü¾Ç°|ªº±Ð±ø¤Î±Ð¾Ç¤è¦¡¡A¤]¤£³Q¾Ç°|¥D®uSir Joshua Reynoldsn©Ò½àÃÑ¡A¥L¯S§O¤£³ßÅw¬¡Åé¤Hª«¬ã¨s¡A¯Âª«½è©Ê(physical presence) ªº¬ã¨s¹ï¥L¨Ó»¡¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³¦º¥h¤§ª«¤@¯ë¡AÁÙ¦n¦ü¥i¥H¡u»D¨ì¦º¤`ªº®ð®§¡v(smelled of mortality)¡CÅãµM¥L¤]¤£³ßÅwªoµe¡Aµuµu´X­Ó¤ë¤§«á¥L´NÂ÷¶}¾Ç°|¤F¡A³o¤]Åý¥LÂ÷¶}¤F»P¦P®É´ÁµÛ¦Wµe®a(West, Barry, Fuseli, etc.) Ävª§ªºÀô¹Ò¡C1785¦~¥¬¹p§Jªº§@«~¹F¨ì°ª®p¡A¦b¾Ç°|®i¥X¤T´TÃö©óJoseph¬G¨Æªº¤ô±mµe¡A¤]§¹¦¨¤G´T¤j«¬¸t¸g¬G¨Æ§@«~ The Complaint of Job (1785, fig. 3) and The Death of Ezekiel¡¦s wife (1785)¡A¤GªÌ³£¬Û·í¤jÁx¥BÄ­§t§@ªÌ¦Û¤vªº·§©À¡C³o§e²{¤F¥¬¹p§J¥ýª¾¦¡ªº·Q¹³¤Oªº¹Á¸Õ¡A¦b¤Hª«ªº­±³¡ªí±¡¤ÎºÓ¤jÅé®æÃþ«¬¤W¤´¯àªí²{¥X¦Û­t¤Î®a±Úªø¦Ñªº«ÂÄY¡C1793¦~¥¬¹p§Jµ²§ô¾ú¥v©Êøµeªº³¡¤À¡A¶}©l­^°ê¾ú¥v¤§¨è»kªº¤p«¬®Ñ¡C¦b¨ä¤¤ªí¹F¤F¦Û§ÚªºÆ[ÂI¡AÆg´­¤k©Êªº«i®ð»P¬ü¼w¡A¨Ã«ü¥X¶Ç²Î¹D¼wÆ[¤Î¬J¦³©v±Ð¹ï©ó©Ê§O¬Ýªkªº³¯»G¡C§@«~¥]¬AThe Penance of Jane Shore¡AThe Ordeal of Queen Emma¡AEdward and Elenor¡C¦P®É¡A¤F¸Ñ¨ì¥Lªº§@«~µLªkÀç¥Í¤§®É¡A¤]°µ½Æ»sª©µeªº¤u§@¡C1782¦~»PCatherine Boucherµ²±B¡A¦¹®É´Áªº¥Í¬¡°é¤]¸ûÂX¤j¡A©ó1784¦~¤÷¿Ë¹L¥@¤§«á´¿·Q±µÄò¦L¨êªº¥Í·N¦ý¤£¤[´N¥¢±Ñ¤F¡C±µµÛ¥t¤@­«¤j¥´À»¬O1787¦~¡A¼°·R¥B´¿¬O®{§Ì¤Î§U¤âªº§Ì§ÌRobert ¤§¦º¤`¡C¦Ü¦¹¡A¥¬¹p§Jªº¥Í²P¦³¤@¨M©w©Êªº§ïÅÜ¡A¥L¤£¦A·Q½Æ»s§O¤Hªº³]­p¡A¨M©w±Mª`©ó¤å¦r¤Î¼v¹³ªí¹F¦Û¨­ªº²z·Q¡C¥Lµo©ú¤F¤@ºØ·sªº¹Ï¤å¦L¨ê¤è¦¡¡A¯à¨Ï¨C¤@­Ó§@«~³£¬O¿W¯S¥B¤â¤uºë¤ßÀJµZªºÃÀ³N«~¡A¨Ã«ÅºÙ³o¬O¥L¦º¥hªº§Ì§Ì¦b¹Ú¤¤±Â»P¥Lªº¨è»k§Þ³N¡Arelief etching¡A¥Î§Ü»Ä©Êªºº£¦b»Éª©¤W¼g§@¤Îøµe³]­p¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¤å¦r»P¼v¹³´N¥i¥H¥Ñ¦P¤@¨BÆJ¦L¥X¡A¨Ã¨Ï¥Î¥ô¦ó·Q¥ÎªºÃC¦â¡CµM«á¦¨«~¥i¥H¥[¤W¤ô±mµÛ¦â¡A»s³yÀéÄê¥Bºë²Óªºµe­±¡A¦p¦P¤¤¥j¥@¬öªº¤â§Û¥»¤@¯ë¡A³o¤]¬O¥¬¹p§J¤ß¥Ø¤¤²z·Qªºµ²´¹¡C¥¬¹p§J¦]¦¹¦¨¬°¦Û¤v¸Ö¶°ªº¥Xª©®a¡Ð¡Ð±q´¡µe¡B¸Ë¹¢¡B¦L¨ê¡Bµ²¶°¦¨¥U³£¥]¿ì¡C¦ý¬O³o³Ò¤ß³Ò¤Oªº¦¨ªG«o·¥¤ÖÀò±o¤j²³ªº«C·ý¡C¨S¦³¤@³¡®Ñ¶W¹L¤G¤Q¤C¥÷ªº¦L»s¡A¬Y¨Ç¬Æ¦Ü¥u¦³¥|¥÷©Î¤­¥÷ªº½Æ»s¦Ó¤w¡C 

fig. 4 fig. 5 fig. 6

¡@¡@1789¦~¥¬¹p§J»s§@²Ä¤@¥»­«­nªº´¡µe®Ñ Songs of Innocence (fig. 4)¡C³o¥»®Ñªí¹F¤F¥L¹ï©ó«Äµ£ªº¥¼³QªÀ·|¦Ã¬V¤§´r®®¯Â¼ä§¹¾ãªºª¬ºA¡A¥H²¼äªº»y¨¥¤Î¤Ñ¯uªº·Q¹³¤O¶Ç¹F¥X³oºØ¦b·í®É¥ç¬y¦æªº·§©À¡C±µ¤U¨Óªº´X¦~¤º¥L¥Xª©¥t¤@Äò¶° Songs of Experience (1794) ¡A¤âªk¬Û¦P¦ý«o§e²{§íÆ{ªº®ðª^¡A³B²z¤F¥O¤H¥¢±æªºª«½è¥@¬É¤Î³Q¡u²z©Ê¡v©Ò¥£§Ðªº¤ßÆF¡C¤§«á¨âªÌ¶°µ²¦¨¤@­Ó§@«~¡A¬°¨ä³Ì¨üÅwªïªº´¡µe®Ñ¡C©Òª¾¦³¤G¤Q¤C¥»½Æ»s¥»¡C1790-93¦~ªº§@«~The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (fig. 5)¤Î1793 ¦~ Visions of the Daughters of Albion¡A¨âªÌªº¤j¤p³£¤ñSongs of Innocence ¤j¤@¨Ç¡A³£¥HBlake¦Û³Ðªº¯«¯µ©Êªº¤Hª«ªí¹F¥Lªº©â¶H²z©À¡A¤×¨ä¬OVisions of the Daughters of Albion §ó³B²z¤F¬Fªv©ÊªºÀ£­¢¤Î©Ê§OªºÄ³ÃD¡C¦b¨ä§@«~¤¤ªº¿E±¡¥i¬Ý¥X·í®Éªk°ê­²©R¹ï¥Lªº¼vÅT¡A¦p¦P¨ä¥L­Ò¾É¸Ñ©ñ¤ß§Óªº­^°ê¤H¤@¼Ë¡A¥¬¹p§Jµøªk°ê­²©R¬°¥þ¥@¬É¤§·s¥@¬ö­°Á{ªº§Ç¹õ¡C·í®É¥Lµ²¥æ¤F¤@¨Ç¿E¶i¤À¤l¦pThomas Paine, William Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Joseph Prieestley¡A³o°é¤l¥H¹µ¥Î¥¬¹p§Jªº¥Xª©®aJoseph Johnson¬°¤¤¤ß¡C¦ý¬O¦b¤Ú¾¤1792¦~ªº¤E¤ë±O±þ¤§«á¡A¹ï©ó²z·Qªº¼ö±¡¦ü¥G¤]ÀH¤§¯}·À¡A«Ü¥i¯à¤]¾É­P¤F¨ä«á¦b1790-1800¦~§xÂZ¥Lªº¼~Æ{¯g¡C¨º®É´Áªº§@«~¦³1793¦~, America, a Prophecy¡A1794¦~, Europe, a Prophecy (fig. 6)¡C

 ¡@¡@¦b¤Hª«ªº§Î¶H¤W¡A¥¬¹p§Jªº·Q¹³§Î¶H»PFuseliªºªí¹F­·®æ¸û±µªñ¡A¦Ó»PFlaxman¸Ë¹¢©Êªº¥j¨å¨å«¬¸û¤£¦P¡C¥¨¤jªºÂßÅé¡B¸û¤pªºÀY§Î¡B°í¹êªºÀJ¨è§Þ¥©¡A³£¦³¤@ºØ±q¦Ì¶}®Ô°òù¦Ó¨Óªº¼ö±¡ªº«ß°Ê·P¡A¦Û¦Ì¶}®Ô°òùªºÁB¹¢¥D¸q¸òÀHªÌ¶Ç»¼¨ì¥¬¹p§Jªº¨è»kµe¡C±j¦Ó¦³¤O¡A½T¹êªº½ü¹ø¥H¤Îí©w·P¥²¶·¨Ì¿à¤@©w­­¨î½d³ò¤ºªº­±®e«¬ºA¤Î¦ç¹¢¡A³o¨Ï±o¥¬¹p§Jªº²Õ¦X«¬¦¡»PFlaxman¬Û¦P¡A¦ý¬O¥Lªº§@«~¨ã¦³¸û¦hªºÅܤơA©MFlaxmanªº©â¶H»a¥Õ¤ñ°_¨Ó§ó¯àªí²{¥X¬¡¤O¡C¦â±m¤§©ó¥¬¹p§Jªº§@«~«D±`­«­n¡A¨ÃÀHµÛ§@«~ªº¦¨¼ô«×º¥¼W¡G

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¦b¦­´Áªº´¡µe®Ñ¤¤¡A¤ô±m¬O¥D­nªº´C§÷¡C1794-1796¦~¥[¤J¤F·sªº±m¦â¦L¨ê¤è¦¡¡Atempera-and-glue medium µe¦b¤ìªO©Îª÷Äݪ©¤W¡C³oºØ¤è¦¡·|¼Ò½k©Î´î®z»k¨èªº½ü¹ø¡A¦Óµ¹¤©´¡µe®Ñ¤@ºØ¯Âøµeªº·Pı¡A¼Ò½kªº§Îª¬©M´³»éªº½è·P»P¤§«e²M´·ªº¥~§Î¬Û·í¤£¦P¡C¬O¬G¡AEuropeªº±m¦â¦L¨êª©¥»¬O¬Û·í¨ã¦³Ã¸µe©Êªº¡C±j¯P¦Ó¼~Æ{ªº¦â±m¦b The Book of Urizen (fig. 7) ¥ç«D±`©úÅã¡C³o®Ñ¹ï©ó³Ð³y«ù¬Û·í´dÆ[ªº¬Ýªk¡A­C©MµØ¤H®æ¤Æªº§Î¶H»P¦Ì¶}®Ô°òù¦b¦è´µ¤B±Ð«Ç¤ÑªáªOªº¯«ªº§Î¹³«ÜÃþ¦ü¡C

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fig. 8 fig. 9 fig. 10 fig. 11 fig. 12 fig. 13

¡@¡@¥¬¹p§J¹ï©ó±m¦â¦L¨ê¸gÅ窺²Ö¿n¦b1795¦~¤Q¤G´T¥¨«¬³]­p(fig. 8-19)¹F¨ì³Ì°ªÂI¡C³o¨Ç¹³Ã¸µe¤@¯ëªº¦L¨ê§@«~¡A¥H¿ûµ§¤Î¤ô±m§¹¦¨¡A¥iµø¬°¬O¤@¨t¦Cªº§@«~¡C¦¹¨t¦C¥H¤j¤Ø´T¤Î¯Âøµeªí²{¡A¯à°÷¹F¨ì¸ÑÄÀ¦Û§Ú¡A¤£»Ý­n¤å¥»¡A¦¨¬°¦Û¤v¦Û¨¬¦³§O©ó´¡µeªºÃ¸µe¡C³o¨Çµe¦ñÀHÐá·¡ªºµ²ºc¡BÀ¸¼@©Êªº¤O¶q¡B§§Æ[ªº²Õ¦¨¡Aµý©ú¥L¤£¥u¬O­Ó¦L¨ê»s³yªÌ¦Ó¬O¤@­Óµe®a¡A¦]¬°Ã¸µe©Ê¤w¸g»·¶W¹L»k¨èªºªí²{¡C¦b¨â¥»¥ýª¾®Ñ¤Î¤j«¬±m¦â§@«~¤§«á¡A¥¬¹p§J¦^¨ì­ì¨Ó´¡µeªº¤u§@¡C¥D­n¦³1795 Young, Night Thoughts ¥H¤ÎGray, Poems ªº´¡µe®Ñ¡C¦P®É´Á¥LÀò±o¤@¥÷¬Ó®aÂ׫pªºÃÙ§U¡AThomas Butts¡A¦b±µ¤U¨Óªº¤Q¤­¦~¬O³Ì¥D­nªº¦¬¤J¨Ó·½¡C1799¦~²Ä¤@¥ó¤u§@¬O¸t¸gÃD§÷ªº¤p´T§@«~¡Aµe¦b¦|¥¬©Î¤ìªO¤W¡A¥¬¹p§J»~ºÙ¨ä¬°¡§fresco¡¨¡A¨ä¹ê¨º¬O¤@ºØ³J±mµe¡A¥Î¤ì¦K©Ò¥Îªº½¦¤ô¬°ÂH¦Xªº´C§÷¡C¤j¦h¼Æªº³õ´º¨Ó¦Û·s¬ù¸t¸g¦Ó¤£¬O¦Û¨­ªº³Ð·N¡A¬Ýªº¥X¨Ó¬OButtªº­n¨D¤§¤Uªº§@«~¡A¤£¹L¡AÁÙ¬O¥i¥H¬ù²¤¬Ý¥X¥¬¹p§Jªº­Ó¤H¯«¾ÇÆ[¡C¦b1800¦~ªº¬î¤Ñ¡A¨ü¨ì¸Ö¤H¤ÎÃÙ§UªÌWilliam HayleyªºÁܽСA¦b1800¦~ªº¬î¤Ñ¡A¨ü¨ì¸Ö¤H¤ÎÃÙ§UªÌWilliam HayleyªºÁܽСA¥¬¹p§J¤Ò°ü¤@°_¨ì®üÃä¶m¤UFelpham´ç¹L¤T¦~¡C¥L´ÀHayleyªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]µe¤F¤@¨Ç¸Ë¹¢©Êªº¨v¹³µe¥H¤Î¸Öªº´¡µe¡A¤£¹L«Ü§Ö¥L´Nµo²{»P¥D¤H¨I´e¬Ýªk¤£¦X¡A¨Ã»P¤@­ÓÂô¤J²ø¶éªº°s¾K¤h§L°_½Ä¬ð¡A¦]¦¹³Q±±¶DÂZ¶Ãªv¦w¡A­Û´°ªk°|©ó1804¦~±N¥L¶}ÄÀ¡C 

fig. 14 fig. 15 fig. 16 fig. 17 fig. 18 fig. 19

¡@¡@¥L©ó1803¦~¦^¨ì­Û´°¡A¤@ª½¨S¦³¶¡Â_ªº¬°Thomas Buttsµe¸t¸gÃD§÷ªº¤ô±m´¡µe¡A¬ù»s§@¤F¤K¤Q´T¤j«¬·s¬ùÃD§÷ªº¤ô±mµe¡A¤£¥u¬O¯Â´¡µeªº©Ê½è¡A¤]¥]¬A¦Û¤vªºµû½×¤Î·Qªk¡C³o¨Ç§@«~ªº³]­p§ó¬°§Î¦¡¤Æ¡A±j½Õ¤G«×ªÅ¶¡ªº¼Ë¦¡¤Î¹ïºÙ©Ê¡C±¡ºü¬y°Ê¦b½ü´Y½u±ø¤¤¡AÅå¤Hªº­×ªø§Î¶Hªí¹F¥XÃý«ß©Êªº«ººA¡AµL¤@¤£¬O¶Ç»¼¥X§@ªÌ±j¯Pªº¤ßÆF¬}¨£¡C¥Î­ô¼w¦¡½u±øªº¤Û·Q¨ú¥N³æ¯Â©â¶H©Ê¡A¤£¬O·s¥j¨å¥D¸qªº¶Ç²Î¡F¨Ò¦p1805¦~ªº§@«~, The Great Red Dragon And Woman Clothed in the Sun (fig. 20)¡C1805¦~¥Xª©®aRobert Cromek¥æ¥I¥¬¹p§J»s§@Blairªº¸ÖThe Grave¤§­p³]¤Î¨è»k¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó»PBlair¤§¶¡¤¬¤£«H¥ô¤Îª©­±¼Æ¶q³Q§R´î¡A¨Ï±o¥¬¹p§Jªº¦¬¤J´î¤Ö¡A¤£¹L¡A³o§@«~¤Ï¦Ó¬O¨ä°ß¤@¦¨¥\³Q¤j²³±µ¨üªº§@«~¡A1813¦~¬Æ¦Ü¦³¤Gª©¦A¦L¡C¤§«á»PCromekªº¦X§@ªi§é§ó¦h¡A¥¬¹p§J¬Æ¦Üı±o³Ð·N³Q¶ÑÅѤζBõb¡C¹îı¨ì·U¥[©t¥ß¤Î¥¢¥h°Ó¾÷ªº§Î¶Õ¡A¥¬¹p§J¹Á¸Õ¤½²³©Êªº®i¥X¡A§@«~¥D­n¬O·í®É¹ï©ó'fresco'ªº¹êÅç¡A®iÄýªº¦P®É¦bDescriptive Catalogue¤¤¥L³¯­z¤F¦Û¤vªº«H©À¡A«ÅºÙ¤ßÆF¬}¨£¥H¤Î¹ï©ó¤W¥jÃÀ³N¨Ó·½ªº°l·¹¬OÃÀ³N³Ð§@ªº¨Ó·½¡A¥L¤Ï¹ï¹³´£­»¤Î¾|¥»´µ¼Ò½k¦â±mªºªí¹F¤è¦¡¡C¥u¬O¡A³o®iÄýÁÙ¬O¥¢±Ñ¤F¡C

fig. 20 fig. 21 fig. 22 fig. 23 fig. 24

 ¡@¡@±q¦bFelpham©~¦íªº®É´Á¡A¥¬¹p§J´N²`²`µÛ°g©óMiltonªº¸Ö¡A1801-1807¦~¥Lµe¤F¤@¨t¦Cªº¤ô±mµe¡A1808¦~¨Ã¥HParadise Lost¬°ÂŹϻs§@¤F¤£´M±`ªº¶¯°¶¥¨´Tµe§@(fig. 21-24)¡C¥t¤@´¡µe®ÑMilton¡A¤º®e±Ô­zªº¬OMilton­°¥@©ó¦a²y¨Ã»P³Ð§@ªÌ¦Û¤vºë¯«·N©Àµ²¦X¬°¤@¡C´¡µeªº³¡¤À´X¥G¦û¾Ú¤F¥þ³¡ªºª©­±¡A»P¤å¥»¤À¶}¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥Î¤FWhite-line engraving¡A§Î¦¡¬O¥Ñ¦â½Õ³B²z¨Ó¬É©w¦Ó¤£¬O¾a½ü¹ø½u¡A¬°¥¬¹p§Jªº³Ð§@¼g¤U¥þ·sªº¤@­¶¡C¬Û¹ï©óFlaxmanºë½oÅÖ²Óªº³]­p¡A¥¬¹p§J±ß´Áªº´¡µeªí²{¥X±j¯P»P¦â±mªºÂ×´I©Ê¡A´X¥G¥i»¡¹³¤Ú¬¥§Jªº§Î¦¡¡C¦P®É´Á§@«~ Jerusalum, ¡§The Emanation of the Giant Albion¡¨¡A¬O³Ì«á¤@¥ó¤]¬O³Ì°¶¤jªº¤@³¡´¡µe®Ñ¡C³o¶¯°¶ªº¥v¸ÖÄ­¨|©ó¸t¸g»y¨¥¤Î¶H¼x¡AÀ¸¼@¤Æªº§e²{¤HÃþ¤F¤ßÆF»P¦×Åé¡A²z©Ê»P·Q¹³¤O¤§¶¡ªº½Ä¬ð©M±Ã¤ã¡C1809-1818¦~¥¬¹p§Jªº¥Í¬¡¦ü®ø¥¢¤F¤@¯ëªº¤£¬°¤Hª¾¡A¤@ª½¨ì¤»¤Q¤@·³®É¡A¦]¦~»´¤@¥NªºÃÀ³N®a¦A«×¥X²{¡C·í®Éµe¨v¹³µe¬°¥D¡A¤§«á¦¨¬°µÛ¦W­·´ºµe®aªºJohn Linnell¡A©e°U¥¬¹p§J¦X§@¨è»k¨v¹³µe¡C¸g¥ÑLinnell¡A»{ÃѤFJohn Varley¡A¥L¬OLinnellªº¦Ñ®v¡A¤ô±m­·´ºµe®a¡A¤]¦P®É³Q¤¶²Ðµ¹¤@¸s§ó¦~»´ªºÃÀ³N®a­Ì¡G¥]¬ASamuel Palmeer, Georges Richmond, Edward Calvert¡C³o¨Ç¦~»´¤H¨Ã¤£»{¬°¥¬¹p§JºÆ¤F¡A¥L­Ì·q¬È¥L¥B¬Û«H¥Lªº¬}¨£¡C¦¹®Éªº§@«~¥]¬ABuilder of the Pyramids, Richard Coeur de Lion, and Queen Maud (1819-20)¡AGhost of a Flea(1819-20, fig. 25)¡CLinnell¥N²zBlakeªº§@«~¨Ã¥BÃÙ§U¥L§¹¦¨±ß¦~¤G³¡¥¨§@¡GThe Book of Job (fig. 26-27)¤Î Dante's Divine Comedy(unfinished)¡CJob ³o³¡®Ñ«Ü¤£¦Pªº¬O¡A¼v¹³¦¨¬°¤¤¤ß¡A¦Ó¤å¦r¬O¦bÃä½t¡A¥¬¹p§J¥ç½á»PJob¬Û·í¤£¦P©ó¶Ç²Îªº¸àÄÀ¡C³o§@«~ªº­·®æ¤]¦]¦A¦¸¬ã¨sDurer, Marcantonio Raimondi, Bonasone, other Renaissance ¤j®v¨ü¨ì¼vÅT¡C¿@±K§G§½ªº½u±ø¡A»P¤§«e¨Ï¥Îªº¼v½u¬Û·í¤£¦P¡A³Ð³y¥X¥Í°Êªº½è·P©M±j¯Pªº¥ú¼v¹ï¤ñ¡C³o®ÄªG»P·s¥j¨å¥D¸q(like Flaxman)ªº½u±ø³]­p§¹¥þ¤£¤@¼Ë¡C

fig. 25 fig. 26 fig. 27

 ¡@¡@¥¬¹p§J¤@ª½¬¡ÅD³Ð§@¡A©ó1827¦~ªYµM¹L¥@¡C¥Lªº§@«~¡A¥Í¬¡¡A¾·~³£­~²§©ó·í®ÉªºÃÀ³N®a¦p¤j½Ã¤Î­ô¶®¡C³o»P¥L­Ó¤H¯S®í©Ê®æ¤Î­^°ê·í®ÉªºÃÀ³Nª¬ªp¦³Ãö¡C¤j½Ã©M­ô¶®³£¦³°ê®a¾÷ºcªº¤ä«ù¡A¤£¥²¤Ó¾á¤ß¤½²³ªº­n¨D¤Î¦¬¤ä¥­¿Åªº°ÝÃD¡C¥L­Ì¤]¦P®É¬O´Â§Êªºµe®a¡A±µªñ°ê®aªºÅv¤O¤¤¤ß¡A¾Ö¦³©x¤èªºÃÙ§U¤Î¤½¶}®iÄýµ¥¦UºØ¸ê·½¡C¦AªÌ¡A¥L­Ì¦³¾ú¥v±y¤[ªºÃ¸µe¤å¤Æ¶Ç²Î¡A³£¸Ë³Æ¨ä§¹¦¨¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº³¥¤ß»P¹Á¸Õ¡A¹³­ô¶®´N¼sªxªº¯AÂy¤F¾Àµe¡B¨v¹³µe¡A¦L¨ê»s³y¬Æ¦Ü¦ç¯¾³]­p¡C¬Û¹ï¤W¦b­^°ê¡A¯Ê¥F°ê®aªºÃÙ§U¨Ï±oÃÀ³N®a¥²¶·¦b«Ü¤pªº°Ó·~½d³ò¤¤Ävª§¨D¥Í¦s¡C¥¬¹p§JªºÂ¾·~§ó³Q¥L¤§«eªº¤uÃÀ°V½m©Ò­­¨î¡A¥B¹½´cªoµeªº¨Ï¥Î¤Î¨v¹³µe¡C¥L¦s¦b©ó¤@­Ó¦¸µ¥ÃÀ³Nªº°é¤l¡A¯Ê¥F¾÷ºcªº¤ä´©¡AªÀ·|³sô¡A¥H¤Î®È¹C©M¿ËÁ{¤j®v§@«~ªº¾÷·|¡C¥L±j¦Ó¦³¤Oªº¤ßÆF¨Ã¨S¦³³Q¼s¤j¸s²³¤F¸Ñ¡B°Q½×¡A©Î¬O¦^À³¡C¬°¤F¿Ñ¥Í¡A¥u¦n¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¥Xª©ªÌ¡A±N¦Û¤vªº³Ð·N±H©ó®Ñ­¶¤¤¡C¥Ñ©ó»P¥@«U²¨Â÷©t¥ß¡A¥¬¹p§JÂà¦V¤F¤º¦bªº¤ßÆF¥@¬É¡A§Î¦¨¤j²³µLªk²z¸Ñªº¯S®íªº¶H¼x»y¨¥¡C¥L³Q²{¹ê¥@¬Éªº±Æ°£¤Ï¦Ó¬O¶}±Ò¥t¤@­Ó·Q¹³ªº¤Ñ¦a¡A¦b¨ä¤¤¥L¯à°l¨D²z·Q¡A¤£³Qª«½è§xÃø´Ý®`¡A¤£¥Î³Q§åµû¼f¬d¡A±q¤½²³ªº­n¨D¤¤¸Ñ©ñ---´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¯à¤ñ¦P®É´ÁªºÃÀ³N®a§ó¥[¦Û¥Ñªº³Ð³y¥X¯Âãc¡B¥H²z·Q¬°¤¤¤ßªºÃÀ³N¡C

 ²Ä¤G³¡¤À¡G¤ÀªR1795¦~¤Q¤G´T¤j«¬±m¦â¦L¨ê¡@[1] 

Elohim Creating Adam »P Satan Exulting over Eve  (fig. 8, 9)

fig. 8 fig. 9

1.          ¨ã¦³¯Í»Hªº¤÷¯« (father-god) ¿¬µ¾©ó³QÂÎÄñ¶ªº¨È·í¤§¤W¡F¨ã¦³¯Í»Hªº¼»¥¹­¸µ¾©ó³Q³D¸i¸jªº®L«½¤§¤W¡C¥Ñ©Çª«§À¤Ú¤Î¤Ó¶§¡B¤õ¿Vªº¤è¦V¡AElohim À³¸m©ó Satan ªº¥ª¤è¡C¯«³Ð³y¨È·í¦b®L«½ªº¼Z¸¨¤§«e¡A³o¤£¶È¬O¸t¸gªº±Ô¨Æ[2] (narrative terms) ¤è¦¡¤]¬O¥¬¹p§J¿ëÃÒªºµ¦²¤ (polemical strategy)¡C

2.          Elohim¤@¹Ïªí²{¥X³Ð³y¤HÃþª«²z©Ê¨­Âß(man¡¦s physical body)¬O¤@¨¸´cªºÁ|°Ê(sinister act) ¡G

(a)    Åã¥Üµh­Wªº¨È·í

(b)   ¥b¤H¥bÂΪº¨­«¬

(c)    µLªí±¡¾®µøªº¥ÕŽ³Ð³yªÌ

(d)   ³Q¶³©Ò¾B»\ªº¶§¥úªºª«½è¥D¸q

3.          ¦ÓSatan ¤@¹Ï«h¬O¸g¥Ñ¿Ø¨ë©Êªº½×ÃÒ¹ïÀ³¨ä¤@¹Ïªº³]­p

(a)    ¨ã¦³½¿½»¥~«¬¯Í»Hªº¾Ô¤hÀ³¬O°{Ä£µÛ¥ú¨~ªº¤Ó¶§¯«ªº¦P·ù

(b)   ¥¬¹p§J¹ï©ó¼Z¸¨ (the Fall) ªº·§©À¬O¦Pµ¥©ó©Ê§Oªº¤À¤Æ (sexual division) ¡A¸g¥Ñ®L«½¦¨¬°¬rÄ«ªGªºÄ묹ªÌ¹Ï¹³¡Aº¡·N¦Ó¦l¯º¡B¥Ñ¤õ¿V¸Ë¹¢ªº³D¡A©ï²´¦ý¤£¯àº¡¨¬ªº¾Ô³õ­^¶¯¡C

4.          ¼»¥¹ªº¤õµK¤Î¤÷¯«ªº¶§¥ú¤§¹ï·Ó¦³¯«¾Ç¤Î¬Fªv¤Wªº·N²[¡A»P¥¬¹p§J©Ò¸àÄÀªºMilton ¤Î The book of Ahania ¦³Ãö¡C¥Lªº³Ð³yÆ[¬O¶É¦V­t­±¸àÄÀ¡A»P1794¦~The Book of Urizen ªº³Ð³yÆ[¬Û¥­¦æ¡A¦¹³Ð³yªºÁ|°Ê¬O¤@­Ó¿ù»~¡A©Î»¡³Ð³y¥»¨­´N¬O¤HÃþ¼Z¸¨ªº¶}©l¡C¦b³Ð³y¤§«e¦t©z¬O¤@­Ó¾ãÅé¥B¨ã¦³¥Ã«í©Ê¡A¦ý¬O³Ð³yªºÁ|°Ê±a¨Ó¤Àµõ¡G¨k»P¤k¡Aµ½»P´c¡A¨­Åé»P¤ßÆF¡A·Q§ä¦^­ì¦³ªº¥Ã«í´N¥²¶·­«·s³sµ²(reunity)³o¨Ç¤Àµõªº³¡¤À[3]¡C¦Ü©óÀ³¸Ó¦p¦ó­«·s³sµ²¡A«h¯d¦b²Ä¤T³¡¥÷ªº°Q½×¡C

5.          ¼»¥¹ªº­x¨Æ©Ê»PThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell ¤¤ªºMiltonªºÀ±ÁɨȦ³Ãö¡A«D­^¶¯©ÒÀ³¦³ªºµJ¼{ªí±¡¡B«ù¦³ªº¬ÞµP¤Îªøºj¡B¥H¤Î³Dªº§Î¶H³£¦bParadise Lost ªº¤@¦Ü¥|³¹´¡¹Ï(fig. 21-24)¤¤¥X²{[4]¡C¥¢¼Ö¶é¤¤¼»¥¹ªº§Î¶H¦b³\¦hÃÀ³N®a³Ð§@³£¥X²{¹L¡A¦ý¬O¥¬¹p§J§ó¶Ç¹F¤F¥L¦P®É©M¨È·í®L«½³£ÄݼZ¸¨¥@¬É¡A¦P¤@¨Ó·½¦P¬O¤£¥i¤Á¤Àªº¤@­Ó¾ãÅé¡C 

fig. 21 fig. 22 fig. 23 fig. 24

 Nebuchadnezzar »P Newton  (fig. 14, 15)

fig. 14 fig. 15

1.        ¤G¹Ï³£¬O»r¨­°¼­±¨k©Ê§Î¶H¡A­I³¡§e¤ô¥­¡A¥Ñ¦Ù¦×µ²¹êªº¥|ªÏ©µ¦ù¦Ü¤g¦a¡F«e´º³£¦³´³»éªº²`¦âºñ¦a©µ¦ù¦Ü­I´º¥Ñ¶Â·t©Î¾ð¤ì§Î¦¨±×¹ï¨¤ªººc¹Ï¡CNebuchadnezzar»PElohim¤@¼Ëªø¾vÄGŽ¡ANewton »P¼»¥¹¤@¼Ë¬O±²¾vªº¦~»´¤H¡F¨âªÌ¬ÛÃþ¦üªº¬O¾®µøªº²´·ú¤Î¦y®¼ªºÃ¹°¨¦¡»ó¼Ù¡C

2.        Nebuchadnezzar ¦b1790¦~ªºThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell plate 24¬O´Â¦VÆ[ªÌªº¥ª¤è (fig. 28)¡A¦ÓNewton ¦b¥ý«eªº¯À´y¤¤¤]¬O´Â¥ª (fig. 29)¡F¤£¦Pªº¥u¦³1795 ¦~±m¦âª©¥»ªºNebuchadnezzar ¥h±¼¤FÀY¤Wªº¬Ó«a¡A¥B¨âªÌ³£Åܦ¨´Â¦VÆ[ªÌªº¥k¤è¡C

fig. 28 fig. 29

3.        Satan »P Elohim ªº¬Û¹ï¤è¦V±j½Õ¤HÃþ¼Z¸¨ªºª¬ºA¡A¦ÓNebuchadnezzar »PNewton ¬Û¦Pªº¤è¦V«h¬O±j½Õ°¶¤jªº¼Æ¾Ç®a¤£¦Ûı­«½Æ¤F¤Ú¤ñ­Û°ê¤ý±R©|ª«½è¥D¸qªº¿ù»~¡C

4.        ¦b  The Marriage of Heaven and Hell plate 24 ªº Nebuchadnezzar §t¦³¥¬¹p§J¹ï©ó¬d²z¤T¥@ªº³ß¼@©Ê¿Ø¨ë¡A¦ý¬O¦b1795¦~±m¦âª©¥»¤¤§e²{ªº§¹¥þ¬O©Úµ´¯«¸t±Ò¥Ü¤§«á¡A²_¸¨¬°«D¤HÃþ¤ß§Óª¬ºA¡BÅå·W¥¢±¹ªºµ~¹Ò¡Cµe­±¤Wªº¤Hª«¦V¥~¥H´c¹Ú¯ëªºÅ宣ÀüµøµÛÆ[ªÌ¡F¨Ì°·§§ªº¨­ÂߤδĬõ¥¼Âà¥ÕªºÀY¾v¡A«o¦]­I´ºªº¨âÁû¤j¾ð¦ÓÅã±o´ù¤p¡F¦ÑÆNªº¦Ð¤ò¤Î³¾Ãþªº¤ö¤lÅýÆ[ªÌ¨£ÃÒ¤FµLªk§Ü©Ú©Î±±¨îªºÅܧΡC

5.        ³o¨â´T¹Ï©Ò§e²{ªº±¡ºü±i¤O¤]¸ò«e¤G¹Ï¤@¼Ë¦³µÛ¥¬¹p§Jªº½×ÃÒ©Ê¡CÃö©óNewton ¦b1795¦~¤§«eªº§Î¶H(There is No Natural Religion plate 10, fig. 30 )[5]¡A¥]¬A¸t¸g»P¤å¾Çªº½×­z(Proverb 8:27[6]¡ADaniel 1:3-4[7]) ¥H¤Î¥¬¹p§J¦Û¤vªº´¡µe®Ñ(The Book of Urizen 7: 8[8]¡AThe Four Zoas 6:239-48)³£´¿´£¤Î¡C¦ý¦b³o±m¦â¦L¨êª©¥»¥¬¹p§J¿W¥ß©ó³o¨Ç¨Ó·½¤ÎÃþ¤ñ¡A¦Ó¬O±NNewton »P Nebuchadnezzar ¦Pµø¬°¤@­Ó¬Û©IÀ³ªº¨t²Î¨Ó³B²z¡G

fig. 30

(a)    Nebuchadnezzar ªº²´·ú¥u¨£´c¹Ú¯ëªºÅ宣¡ANewton«h¬O¥u¨£¦Û¤v©Òµe¥Xªº´X¦ó¹Ï§Î¡C

(b)   ¥h¤HÃþ¤Æ(dehumanizing)ªº§Î¶H¦b¤G¹Ï³£¥i¬Ý¥X¡A¥]¬A¨âªÌ³£¬O¥|ªÏ±µÄ²¦a­±ªº°Êª«¤Æ§Î¶H¡AÁÙ¦³Nebuchadnezzar³¾Ãþªº¤ö¤l¤ÎNewton¤â¤W¤]¹³¤ö¤lªºª÷¦â¶ê³W¡C

(c)    ¦bNebuchadenazzar¨­«á¦ü¥G¬O¤£¦Ûı¥Íªøªº°ª¾ð¥Nªí¤F¦Û¶Æªº²z©Ê´¼¼z¡A¦Ó¦bNewton ±Mª`©ó´X¦ó´ú¶qªº­I«á¤]¬O¦Û¨­¥Õ¦â¤æÁO»P©¥¥Û¤j¦a¦X¬°¤@Åé¡C

9.   ¤Ïª«½è¥D¸qªº²z½×¥i¥H¦b¦¹¤G¹Ï¤Î¨ä¥L§@«~(Europe, The Four Zoas)¤¤¬Ý¨ì¡A¦ý¯Âºé±qµøı¹Ï¹³ªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¡A³o¤@¹ï¹Ï¥i²³æªº»¡¬O¥¬¹p§J¹ï©óDaniel 4: 33[9]·¥¦³¤O¶qªº·Q¹³´¡µe¡C

 Lamech and His Two Wives »P Naomi Entreating Ruth and Orpah to Return to the Land of Moab (fig. 12, 13)

fig. 12 fig. 13

1.            ¤G¹Ï³£¬O³Qµô¥h¥|­Ó±×¨¤¡A¥B¦³°ª«×ªºµøı¬Û¦ü©Ê¡G

(a)    ¤T­Ó¯¸¥ßªº§Î¶H¥H¤Î³£¬O¨â¤H»E¶°¡A¥t¤@¤H¿W¥ßªº¤À°t¡C

(b)    ¤@¼Ëªº¬y°Ê©Êªºªø³T¡C

(c)    ¦P¼Ë¥H¤âÁu»P¤â´xªº«ººAªí²{¤@­Ó¯S©wªº®ÉªÅª¬ºA¡C

(d)    ¦P¼Ë«e´º©ú«G¡A­I´º¬O·tºñ¦âªº¤s¥C¤ÎÂaÄgªº¤ÑªÅ¡C

2.            ³o¼Ëªºµøı»y¨¥©úÅã»P´y­z¤j¬x¤ô¹L«áªº´º¶H¬ÛÃþ¦ü¡A¤£¹L±q¥¬¹p§J¥t¤@´T ¡§Ruth the Dutiful Daughte-in-law¡¨(fig. 31)

fig. 31

fig. 32

¥i¬Ý¥X¡A¤W­z¤G´T¹Ïªº¬Û¦ü©Ê¤£¥u¬O³æ¯Â­n¤ÏÀ³¨Æ¥óªº³¯­z¦Ó¤w¡C¨â¹Ï³£¬O¥Ñ¸t¸g¬G¨Æ[10]ªºÆF·Pµo®i¥X¸Ö·N¤ÎÀ¸¼@¤Æºt»¡¤@¯ëªº¹Ïµe§e²{¡CLamech µÛ­«¦b¹L¥¢±þ¤H¤§«á»P®a¤H±Ô­zªº³õ´º¡ANaomi«h¬O±j½Õ©óMoab ªº©ñ³v¡A¨ä¨Ã¤£¬O´M¨Dµuµøªº±B«Ã¦Ó¬O¬ß±æ»»»·¥¼¨Óªº´_¬¡¡C

3.            ¥H¤U¤G¹Ï¯àÅý§Ú­Ì§ó¤F¸Ñ¨ä¤¤ªº·§©À¡G

(a)    The Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve (fig. 32)

¡Ð¡Ð¸ÓÁôÅå·W¥¢±¹ªº«º¶Õ»PLamech ¤@¼Ò¤@¼Ë

(b)    Christ Appearing to the Apostles (fig. 19)

fig. 19

¡Ð¡ÐNaomiªºÀY³¡¡B¨­Åé¡BÂù¤â¡BÂù´x³£»P°ò·þ¤@¼Ë

4.            ³o¨ÇÃþ¤ñ©Î¹ï¤ñªº³]­p·t¥ÜLamech »P Naomi ¦P¬O´y­z¤F¦b³o¼Z¸¨¤j¦a¤¤ªº²Ä¤@­ÓÀ³³\( the first affirmation)¡A ¤£½×¬O¥H¨üÄþ³d¤§¥@¬É¡B©Î¬O¨ü¼e®¤¤§¥@¬É(world views of condemnation and forgiveness)³£¤@¼Ë¾Ö¦³³o­ÓÀ³³\¡C

5.            ¾ÇªÌSwedenborg ´`µÛ¸ÓÁôªº¤l®](¥H¤ÎLamech¹ï«H¤ßªº©Úµ´) §Î¦¨²§±Ð³o­Ó¯ß¸¨¡A«ü»{Lamechªº©d¤l­Ì¬O¡u·s±Ð±Ð°ó¡v(¡§New Church¡¨)¡A¦Ó¨ä¤G¤À§O¬O¡uÄݤѪº»PÆF©Êªº¨Æª«¤§¥À¡v(Adah, ¡§the mother of the celestial and spiritual things of that Church¡¨)¥H¤Î¡u¦ÛµM¨Æª«¤§¥À¡v(Zillah, ¡§the mother of the natural things¡¨)¡C¨Ì·ÓSwedenborg ªº´J·N¡A¥¬¹p§JÅåÄߪºÀüµøµÛ³Q¥L±þ¦ºªº¡u¦~»´¤H¡v(¡§young man¡¨)¡A¦b¤@®Ç¬Û¨Ìªº©d¤l­Ì«h¬O§l¦¬¥]§t¥L©Ò±Ò°Êªº±Ð±øªº³B»@¡C

6.            µe­±Á׶}¨Ï¥Î¤õµKµ¥±j¯Pªºªí¤è¦¡¡A¦ý¤Hª«ªº²Õ¦X¤Î«ººA¡B«ÍÅ餧¤Wªº¶Â·t¤s¨¦¡A³£»¡©ú¤F¤@ºØ¤£¦w©wªº¥DÃD¡C³o¤£¦w©wªºªí²{¡A´£¨ÑNaomi¤@¹Ï·¥¨Îªº¹ï·Ó¡C¸û²`¦âªº«e´º¡B¹ïºÙªº¥Õ³T¡B¨â®y·½·½ªº¤s¥C¶Ç¹F¥X¤ñ¸ûí©wªº¦L¶H¡C

7.            Orpah (Æ[ªÌ¥ª¤âÃ䪺¤k¤l)ªº¤âÁu»PLamechªº¤â¶Õ¬Û©IÀ³¡A¦o¨M©w¯d¦bMoab¨Ã¤£¬OÃg»@¦Ó¬O¦Û§Úªº§à¾Ü¡FLamech¤§©d¬ÛÀô¶¦pºÊ¸T¤@¯ëªº¤âÁu«h¬O¹ï¤ñ©óRuthªº¦Û§Ú¨M¤ß»P©Ó¿Õ¡A­n»PNaomi¤@¦P¦^Bethlehem¡CNaomiªº«º¶Õ¤ÎÂùÁu¡B©MÀY¤Wªº¥úÀô¡B³£¹w¥Ü¤F°ò·þªº¼Ë¦¡¡A³o¤G´Tµe´£¨ÑÃö©óÄþ³d(condemnation)»P¼e®¤(forgiveness) ªºµøı¿ëÃÒ¡C

 Hecate »P Pity (fig. 16. 17)

fig. 16 fig. 17

1.            Pity ¥i¯à±qMacbethªº¼v¹³¡G¡¨naked new-born babe/Striding the beast¡¨[11]¡FHecate «h¬O¥i¯à±qA midsummer Night¡¦s Dream¤å¥»¦Ó¨Ó¡C¤G¹Ïªº¦â±m¤Î¦â½Õ¬O¤@­Pªº¡A¥B³£±j½Õ¹Ï¹³ªº¶H¼x©Ê¡A¥¬¹p§JªºÃ±¦W³Qµo²{¦bHecateªº¥ª¤U¤è»PPityªº¥k¤U¤è¡Aªí¥ÜHecate À³¸m©óÆ[ªÌªº¥ª¤è¦ÓPity¦b¥k¤è¡C¤GªÌªº¹ï¤ñ¬O¡G««ª½¡Ð¡Ð¥­¦æ¡AÀR¤î¡Ð¡Ð°ÊºA¡A®À§é¡Ð¡Ð¸Ñ²æ¡C

2.            Ãö©óHecate ªºªA¸Ë¬O»P¦Ì¶}®Ô°òùSistine±Ð°ó¤§¤k¥ýª¾Ãþ¦ü¡A°Êª«ªº³­¦ñ«hÅã¥Ü¤F²§±Ð®{ªº®ðª^¡A¶Ç¹F¥X¤k§Å¤ÎÅܧΪº·t¥Ü¡C¤TÀY§Î¶Hªº¨ä¤¤ªÌ¬O¥Ñ»r¨­ªº¤@¨k¤@¤k§CÀY­±´Â¤º²Õ¦¨¡AÅã¥Ü¥X¹³Vala¤@¯ëªº§Ò§ª¤ßÂǥѪýêCupid »PPsycheªºµ²¦X«I»k¤F¥Í¾÷¡CHecate²`¦âªºÀY¾v©IÀ³Naomi ¤@¹Ï¤¤Orpahªº¾v¦â¡A¨ä¸T¼¤¥D¸qªí²{¦b¥æ¤eªºÂù»L¥H¤Î¹ï©óª«½è¥@¬É´d¶Ëªº¨I«ä¡C¦oªº¥ª¤â­¹«ü¦p¦PThe Book of Urizen ªº­º­¶(fig. 7)

fig. 7

©Ò¤Æªº¤@¯ë¡A±µÄ²µÛ°O¸ü¸T¥Oªºªk¨å(prohibitive code)¡A±q³o®Ñ¥»©µ¦ù¥Xµo¦p¦PNewtonªº´X¦ó¹Ï§Î¤@¼Ë¡A¤@ºØ­t­±ªº¤O¶qªuµÛ¹ï¨¤½u¶i¤J¤T¨¤§Îªº©¥¥Û¤¤¡A¨ä¤¤ÅõºÈ¤F¤H©Ê¡A¥¥¨|ÅܺAªº¡BµL´¼ÃѪº¥Íª«¡C

3.            §CÀY¦Y¯óªºÆj¤l¦p¦PNewton ªº¤æÁO»P Lamech ªº±b´×¡A¦P¼ËªºÆj¤l§Î¶H¤]¥X²{¦b¥¬¹p§J¸àÄÀ°¨¤ÓºÖ­µ2 ³¹11-23¸`(The Repose of the Holy Family in Egypt, fig. 33)¡A

¦]¦¹Hecate«Ü¦³¥i¯à¬O¸t¸gªº¬G¨Æ¤¤ªº¥t¤@ºØ¸àÄÀ¡C¦A¶W¼g¹êªº¦t©z»P´c¹Ú¤§¤¤¡A¤÷¯«¬OÂù²´Àüµøªº¿ßÀYÆN¡AÍ¢ªº¨à¤l¬O©¥¥Û¤¤µLªk°k¥XªºÃÊßï¡A¦Ó­ì¬OÂF¤lªº¸tÆF(holy spirit)¬O¨ã¦³¿ßÀY½¿½»¯Í»Hªº©Çª«¡A¦P®É«Â¯Ù¨º¹ï¬Ý¤£¨£­±®eªº¦~»´¨k¤k¡C±qHecate ©Ò¸gÅ窺¶Â·t¡B³Q§¯³N°g´bªº¡A§á¦±ªº®ðª^¡A¨ì¤FPity ±NÂàÅܦ¨¥Rº¡¯à¶q¡B·O´d¡B¥H¤Î¸Ñ©ñªº·Pı¡C

fig. 33 fig. 34 fig. 35

4.            Ãö©óPity ¹Ï¤¤ªº¥ÀÃD¡A°£¤F®öº©¬£¤å¾Ç±`¨£¤§¥~¡A¤]¥i±q¥¬¹p§Jªº¯À´y½Z¤Î¤G´TÃö©ó¼¯¦èªº¬G¨Æ(Exodus 2: 5-9¡ABlake¡¦s watercolor ¡§The Finding of Moses, fig. 34¡A¡¨Moses Placed in the Ark of the Bulrushes, fig. 35)¤¤¬Ý¨ì¨äÅܤơC­ì¥»¦b­»®úÂO¤¤¦]¥Í²£¦Ó§á¦±¾Ö©ê·s¥Í¨àªº¥À¿Ë¡AºCºCÂàÅܦ¨¦ù®i¶}ªºªÏÅé¡A³T¤l»P´Óª«ÂOªº½u±ø¦X¦Ó¬°¤@¡A¤pÀ¦¨à¤]³Q±µ¨ìÃM°¨ªÌªº¤â¤¤¡C­ì¨Ó¥¬º¡µe­±ªº±×«B¤]¤£¸¨¦b¥À¿Ëªº¨­¤W¡AÂàÅܬ°¤kÃM¤h¥¼±¼¸¨ªº²´²\¤Îµe­±¥k¤U¨¤ªº¤@³¡¤À(fig. 36-39)¡C

fig. 36 fig. 37 fig. 38 fig. 39 fig. 40

5.            ¤pÀ¦¨àªº§Î¶H«h»PThe Book of Urizen ¤¤¦~»´ªºOrc ¤Îthe Nativity Ode (Ãö©ó­C¿q½Ï¥Í¡Afig. 40) ªº´¡µe¹p¦P¡A¥Lªº«º¶Õ¦P®É¥i©IÀ³¤Q¦r¬[¥H¤Î¤ýªÌªº½Ï¥Í¡C¾ã´TµeªºµJÂIÀ³¬O¬Û¹ï©óHecateªº¦A¥Í¤Î§Æ±æ¡A­Y¬O¥H³o­Ó¤è¦V°lÂܳo¨â´Tµeªº¨Ó·½¡A«Ü¥i¯àÁÙ¬O»P¥¬¹p§Jªº©v±Ð¯«¾Ç«ä·Q¬ÛÃö¡C

 The House of Death »P Christ Appearing to the apostles after the Resurrection

(fig. 18, 19)

1.            ¤G¹Ï¦P¼Ë¬O´yø¬ù¤»­Ó¥ª¥k¥­ª×ªº¤H¡A¥H¯«¸tªº§Î¶H¬°¤¤¤ß¡C¯«ªºÀY³¡¸m©ó¤¤¥¡±µªñµe­±³»ºÝªº¦a¤è¡AÂù¤â®i¶}½T©w¹ï©ó¤HÃþªºÃö«Y¡Cµe­±ªº¥ª¤è³£¤@¼Ë¦³¤@­Ó¸÷§¤©ïÀY¥õ±æªº¤H¡Cµe­±ªº¦â±m¥H¶Àºñ¤ÎÂźñ¬°¥D¡C

2.            ¦bDeath ¹Ï¤¤¡A¦pUrizen¤@¯ë¨S¦³¨­Å骺§Î¶H¤ô¥­ªº®i¶}Âù¤â¡A¤â´x´Â¤U¡A±q¶³Ãú¤¤´²µo·t¥Ü¯e¯f¤Î¨aÃøªº¼C¡Aµe­±¥kÃ䪽¥ß««ÀY«ùµu¼Cªº¤H«h¬O¥H¡uµ´±æ¡v¦ø­Ô¿©¯fªÌªº§Î¶H[12]¡C¦Ó¦bChrist ¹Ï¤¤¡A°ò·þªº¦×¨­¯¸¥ß¦bªù®{¤¤¡A²´·ú¬Ý¦Vªù®{¡A´²µoªº¥ú¨~³sµ²¤F¤Ñ°ó»P¹Ð¥@¡A¹³ªù®{®i¶}ªºÂù´x»P¨ä¤Wªº¶Ë²ª¶H¼xÀ³³\¤Î±q¸i¸j¤¤¸Ñ©ñ¡C

3.            ¥HÁɨȮѲÄ58³¹²Ä5¸`[13]´£¨ì¦a¤Wªº³Â¥¬¥i¦bDeath ¥H¤Î¥¬¹p§J¨ä¥Lªº´¡µe(to Blair)¤¤¬Ý¨ì (fig. 41)

fig. 41

¡A¶H¼x³Q­é¹Ü¦Ó¨ª¨­ªºª¬ºA¡A¤Hª«­±»ª³£¬O§á¦±ªº¡A¶Ç¹F¥X¼Z¸¨¥@¬É¤¤¤ßÆF¤Î¦×Å骺µh­W¡F¦bChrist¹Ïªºªù®{«h¬O¨­¬ïªø³T¨ú¥N³Â¥¬¤Î¨ª»rªº¨­Åé¡C¦bDeath¶³Ãú¥k¤U¤è¦³¤@­ÓÂù¤â©êÀY¦ü¥G¬O³B©ó®£Äߤ¤·Q­n«OÅ@¦Û¤vªº§Î¶H¡A¬Û¹ï©óChrist «h¬O¤@­Ó¸÷µÛ¿Ë§k°ò·þ¦ç³Tªºªù®{¡Aªí¹F¤FÁ¾®¥»P«H¥ô¡C

4.            Death ¹Ï¹³¥i¯à»PMilton©óParadise Lost 11: 477-525 ªº´y­z[14]¦³Ãö¡A¥¬¹p§J©ó1790¦~¤]¦³¥t¤@´T§@«~¡CChrist «h¬O¥¬¹p§J¹ï©ó¸ô¥[ºÖ­µ¤Î¬ù¿«ºÖ­µªº¸àÄÀ[15]¡C³o¼Ëªº²Õ¦X»P¯«ªºÀ³³\¤Î±q¸o¤¤ÄÀ©ñ¦³«D±`±K¤ÁªºÃöÁp¡C±qDeath ¨ìChrist »¡©ú¤F¾Ô³Ó¦ÛµMºò±µµÛ°ò·þªº´_¬¡¡A¤]»P¨ä¥L±m¦â¦L¨ê¤@¼Ë±qÂŦâ½Õªº¶³ÃúÂàÅܬ°¶À¦â½Õªº¥ú¨~¡C

 God judging Adam »P The Good and Evil Angels Struggling for Possession a Child

(fig. 10, 11)

1.          ³o¨â´T¹ÏªºÃöÁp©Ê¸û¤£©úÅã¡A¦ü¥G¬O¨ä¥L§@«~±Æ¦C¤§«á³Ñ¤U¨Ó¥u¦n©ñ¸m¦b¤@°_¡CJudgment ¦b1790¦~¥N«e´Á´¿¦³¤@¨ÇÃþ¦üªº§@«~¡AAngels «h¬O¦bThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell ²Ä¥|­Ó¹Ïª©¥X²{(fig. 42)¡C¨ì¤F1795¦~ªºª©¥»¤GªÌ³£§e²{±j¯Pªº¦â±m¤Î±¡ºüªº±i¤O¡C

fig. 42

2.          Judgment¹Ï¤¤±¡ºüªº½ÄÀ»©Ê¥Ñ¨ª¨­¥B©ö¨ü¶Ë®`ªº¨È·í¡B¯«ªºÄY¼F¡B®»ºN³¡©wªº¶³Ãú¡B¶ê½L§Î¤Ó¶§¤Î°¨­I¤Wªº¯PµK©Ò±j½Õ¡C¤Ó¶§ªº´X¦ó§Îª¬©IÀ³¤Fª½®gªº¥ú¨~¤Î¯«ªº¤âÁu»Pŷ÷¡A¨ä·t¥Ü¨Ó¦Û¯«ªº¥¿¸q»P¼««ã¡A©M¦Ì¶}®Ô°òù The Fall and Expulsion ·í¤¤¤Ñ¨Ïªº¼C¤@¼Ë¡C

3.          ¥ÑMarriage of Heaven and Hell ªº²Ä¥|¹Ïª©¤§¤å¦r[16]¥iµo²{¡A¦b¥¬¹p§Jªº¸àÄÀ¤§¤¤µ½»P´c¡B¨­Åé»P¤ßÆF¡A¨ä¹ê¬O¤@Å骺¨â­±¡AJudgementªº¯«»PAngels ªº´cÅ]¦P®É¬OÅé²{¨äÅGÃÒ©Ê¡C±NJudgment ¸m©ó¥ª¤èAngel ¸m©ó¥k¤è®É¡A¿U¿Nªº¤õµK¦ì©ó¤¤¥¡³sµ²¨¸´c¤Ñ¨Ï»P¼f§P¤§¯«¡A©MElohim ¤ÎSatan ³o¹ï¹Ï¤@¼Ë¡A³£¦V¤¤¤ß»E¶°¡C

4.          ¦¹¤G¹Ï»P¸t¸g¤¤¨È§B¸ÓÁôªº¬G¨ÆªºÃöÁp©Ê¡G³QÅKÁåÂê¦í¤@¸}¦ý¥Rº¡¯à¶qªº´cÅ](devil)·t¥Ü¤F·Q°kÂ÷ªº¸ÓÁô¡A¤p«Ä»Pµ½ªº¤Ñ¨Ï¤§ªí±¡©M«º¶Õ«h¹p¦P©óµo²{±þ¤HªÌ(¸ÓÁô)©M³QÄ묹µÛ(¨È§B)ªº¨È·í¤Î®L«½¡C(¡§The Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve¡¨, 1826, fig. 32) 

¡@¡@³Ì«á¡ADW. Lindsayµ¹¤©³o¼Ëªº±Æ¦C¤Î¨Ã¸m¤@­Ó«D±`¶êº¡ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡G±N¤Q¤G¹Ï¥ª¥k¨Ã¸m°_¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥ª¤â³o¤@¨t¦Cªº³]­p¸àÄÀ¤F¥@¬É(world)±q³Ð³y(creation)¨ì°ò·þ°v¤Q¦r¬[(crucifixion)ªº¾ú¥v¡A¶Ç¹F¤F¤O¶q¡B¥DÅv¡B¤ý°êªº¼v¹³¡C¥k¤âÃ䪺³]­p«h¬O¤HÃþ(human)±q¼Z¸¨(the Fall)¨ì°ò·þ´_¬¡(the Resurrection)ªº¾ú¥v¡A¶Ç¹F¤F·P©x¡B±¡ºü¡BÆF·Pªº¼v¹³¡C¤j­P¤W¬Ý°_¨Ó¬O¥i¥H³o¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ¡A¤]±N¥¬¹p§J¹Ï¹³¤§¤¤±`¦³ªº¥¿¤Ïµ½´c¨Ã¦sÂX¤j¨ì¹Ï¹³»P¹Ï¹³¤§¶¡¤]¦s¦b¦¹ºØ¿ëÃÒ¡F¦ý¬O¤Q¤G´T¹Ï¬O§_¯à°÷³o¼Ë´N¦êÁp°_¨Ó¤´¦³·¥¤jªº°Q½×ªÅ¶¡¡A¥H¤U²Ä¤T³¡¥÷±N¥Î¸t¸g¤§¤¤¸ÓÁô»P¨È§Bªº¬G¨Æ¡A¹Á¸Õ±N¥¬¹p§J§e²{ªº³Ð§@¹ï·Ó¹L¥h¨ä¥LÃÀ³N®a´¿¸g¸àÄÀ¹Lªº¦P¼ËÃD§÷¡A¦A¦¸´M§ä¥¬¹p§J³Ð§@ªº¤¤¤ß·N¹Ï¡A¦P®É¦^À³¨ì¤Q¤G´T±m¦â¦L¨ê§@«~ªí²{ªº¤º²[¡C

 ²Ä¤T³¡¤À¡G

¡@¡@¦³¤@¤é¡A¨º¤H©M¥L©d¤l®L«½¦P©Ð¡A®L«½´NÃh¥¥¡A¥Í¤F¸ÓÁô¡]¸ÓÁô´N¬O¡§±o¡¨ªº·N«ä¡^¡A«K»¡¡G¡§­C©MµØ¨Ï§Ú±o¤F¤@­Ó¨k¤l¡C¡¨ ¤S¥Í¤F¸ÓÁôªº¥S§Ì¨È§B¡C¨È§B¬Oªª¦Ïªº¡A¸ÓÁô¬OºØ¦aªº¡C¦³¤@¤é¡A¸ÓÁô®³¦a¸Ìªº¥X²£¬°¨Ñª«Ämµ¹­C©MµØ¡F¨È§B¤]±N¥L¦Ï¸s¤¤ÀY¥Íªº©M¦Ïªº¯×ªoÄm¤W¡C­C©MµØ¬Ý¤¤¤F¨È§B©M¥Lªº¨Ñª«¡A¥u¬O¬Ý¤£¤¤¸ÓÁô©M¥Lªº¨Ñª«¡C¸ÓÁô´N¤j¤j¦aµo«ã¡AÅܤFÁy¦â¡C­C©MµØ¹ï¸ÓÁô»¡¡G¡§§A¬°¬Æ»òµo«ã©O¡H§A¬°¬Æ»òÅܤFÁy¦â©O¡H§A­Y¦æ±o¦n¡A°Z¤£»X®®¯Ç¡H§A­Y¦æ±o¤£¦n¡A¸o´N¥ñ¦bªù«e¡C¥¦¥²Åʼ}§A¡A§A«o­n¨î¥ñ¥¦¡C¡¨¸ÓÁô»P¥L¥S§Ì¨È§B»¡¸Ü¡A¤G¤H¥¿¦b¥Ð¶¡¡A¸ÓÁô°_¨Ó¥´¥L¥S§Ì¨È§B¡A§â¥L±þ¤F¡C­C©MµØ¹ï¸ÓÁô»¡¡G¡§§A¥S§Ì¨È§B¦b­þ¸Ì¡H¡¨¥L»¡¡G¡§§Ú¤£ª¾¹D¡I§Ú°Z¬O¬Ý¦u§Ú¥S§Ìªº¶Ü¡H¡¨ ­C©MµØ»¡¡G¡§§A°µ¤F¬Æ»ò¨Æ©O¡H§A¥S§Ìªº¦å¦³Án­µ±q¦a¸Ì¦V§Ú«s§i¡C¦a¶}¤F¤f¡A±q§A¤â¸Ì±µ¨ü§A¥S§Ìªº¦å¡C²{¦b§A¥²±q³o¦a¨ü©G¶A¡C§AºØ¦a¡A¦a¤£¦Aµ¹§A®Ä¤O¡A§A¥²¬yÂ÷ÄÆ¿º¦b¦a¤W¡C¡¨ ¸ÓÁô¹ï­C©MµØ»¡¡G¡§§Úªº¦D»@¤Ó­«¡A¹L©ó§Ú©Ò¯à·íªº¡C§A¦p¤µ»°³v§ÚÂ÷¶}³o¦a¡A¥H­P¤£¨£§A­±¡C§Ú¥²¬yÂ÷ÄÆ¿º¦b¦a¤W¡A¤Z¹J¨£§Úªº¥²±þ§Ú¡C¡¨ ­C©MµØ¹ï¥L»¡¡G¡§¤Z±þ¸ÓÁôªº¡A¥²¾D³ø¤C­¿¡C¡¨­C©MµØ´Nµ¹¸ÓÁô¥ß¤@­Ó°O¸¹¡A§K±o¤H¹J¨£¥L´N±þ¥L¡C

¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¡@¡E³Ð¥@¬ö¥|³¹1-15 ¸`¡E

fig. 43 fig. 44 fig. 45 fig. 46 fig. 47

¡@¡@¸t¸g¤¤¨È§B»P¸ÓÁôªº¬G¨Æ¦bÃÀ³N¥v¤¤¡A¤@ª½¬O¤£Â_³Q¦A²{ªº¥ÀÃD (motif)¡C¥]¬AJohn Sadeler (fig. 43)¡ATitian (fig. 44)¡ACarlo Lolli (fig. 45)¡AC.W. Dietrich(fig.46)¡AJ.H. Fuseli (fig. 47)¡APierre Paul Prudhon (fig. 48)¡AA.E. Chalon (fig. 49)¡AS. John Stump (fig. 50)¡AJoshua Cristall (fig. 51)¡AJohn Samuel Hayward (fig. 52)¡AHenry Pierce Bone (fig. 53)¡AFranz Floris (fig. 54)µ¥¤H¡A¤£¦P®É¥N¤]®i²{¤£¦Pªºªí²{»P¸àÄÀ¤è¦¡¡C¨Ì·Ó³o¸t¸g¬G¨Æªº¤º®e¡A¾ú¨Ó¸àÄÀªº³Ð§@¥i¤À¬°¥|­Ó¥DÃD¡G

¡@
fig. 48 fig. 49 fig. 50 fig. 50 ¡@
fig. 51 fig. 52 fig. 52 fig. 53 fig. 54

(1) Ãö©ó¨È§Bªº¥¿ª½(righteousness)¡A¤]¹w¥Ü°ò·þªº­°¥@»P°v¤Q¦r¬[(prefiguring of Christ¡¦s priesthood and death)¡C

(2) ³o¬G¨Æ´y­z¼Z¸¨«á¥@¬Éªº²Ä¤@©v¿Ñ±þ®×¡C

(3) ³o¥@¬Éªº²Ä¤@°_¦º¤`¨Æ¥ó¡C

(4) ²Ä¤@¥ó¥Ç¸o¨Æ¥ó¡A¤Þ°_¸o´c»P¯«¸t¥¿¸q¤§¶¡ªºÅGÃÒ¡C

¡@¡@³o¥|­Ó¥DÃD³£¬O±j½Õ¼Z¸¨¤§«á¤HÃþªº¸o¦æ¡B¯«ªº¥¿ª½¡B¹w¥Ü±N¨Óªº±ÏÅ«¡C¥t¤@­Ó¤£¦b¸t¸g¤§¤¤¡A¦ý¬O¨ì¤F¥¬¹p§Jªº®É¥N±`³Q¸àÄÀªº¥DÃD¡A¬O¨È·í»P®L«½µo²{¨È§Bªº«ÍÅé¡A¥H¤Î«s±¥³o³Q±þ®`¤§¤lªº³õ´º¡C¦b¨º®É¡AµL¶dªº³Q¿Ñ±þªÌ¥H¤Î¨¸´cªº¥Ç¸o¤´µM¬OÃÀ³N®a¤Î²³¤H¥D­nÃö¤ßªºµJÂI¡A¨È§Bªº«ÍÅé¿E°_¤H­Ì¤§¼¦¼§¡A¬Û¹ï¸ÓÁôªº¸o¦æ«h¬O¦]¯«¸t­°¤U¤§¼««ã¨ä¤¤¡AÅý¤H·P¨ìÅ宣¡C¹D¼w»P±Ð±ø°V»£¬O¦P±¡¨È§B¡A¥¸³d¸ÓÁôªº¡Aµe­±¤W§G§½¤]±`±`¬O±N¨È§B¡B¥H¤Î´d¶Ëªº¨È·í®L«½©ñ¦b«e´º¥DÃD¡A¸ÓÁô©ñ¦b­I´º¤§¤¤¡C¨Ò¦pJohn Stump¡AJoshua Cristall¡AJohn Samuel Hayward¡AHenry Pierce Bone¡AFranz Floris (fig. 50-54)µ¥¤Hªº§@«~¡A¥i¥H±q¾ÇªÌTannenbaumªº¤å³¹¡¨Blake and the iconography of Cain¡¨«Ü²M·¡ªº¬Ý¥X¡C 

¡@¡@¦ý¥¬¹p§Jªº­«ÂI»P¤@¯ë°µªk¬O¬Û¤Ïªº¡A­«ÂI¤£¦A¬O³QÄ묹ªº¨È§B¡A¥L±NµJÂI¤ÎÆ[ªÌªº¦P²z¤ß±q¨È§B¨­¤WÂಾ¦b¸ÓÁô¡A¬Æ¦Ü§Q¥Î¨È·í¹ï¸ÓÁôªº¾®µø¤Þ°_Æ[ªÌ¹ï¸ÓÁô¦³§ó¦hªºª`·N¡C²Ó¬Ý¡§The Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve¡¨¡A©ÎªÌ¬O»P³o´T¹Ï¬Û¦ü¤º®eªº¡§Lamech and His Two Wives¡¨¡A¦b¦¹³B¡A­«¤ß±q¬ÛÀHµÛ¦º¤`ªº¸o¦æ²¾Âà¨ì¤F¸ÓÁô©MLamechªºÅåÀ~¡B¾Ò´o¡B®¬«ëµ¥¤º¤ßªº§é¿i¡A¥¬¹p§J¶W¶V¤F·í¥N¹ï©ó³o¬G¨Æ³æ¯Â¹D¼w¤Wªº¸àÄÀ¡A±N·Q¹³¤Oµo´§¦Ü·¥¡AµÛ­«¤HÃþªº±¡·P¼h­±¡A±q¤¤´M¨Dµ½»P´c¡B¥¿»P¨¸¤§¶¡¿ëÃÒ¤£¥ðªº©M¸Ñ¡C¸ÓÁôªºÅ宣»P¥Lªº¤l®]Lamech ªºÅ宣¬O¤@¼Ëªº³Q©ñ¸m¦bµe­±ªº­«¤ß¡A¨È·í©M®L«½ªº´d¶Ë»PLamech¤G©d¬Û©IÀ³¡A®L«½¤U««Àô¶ªºÂùÁu«h»PPity¤@¹Ïªï±µ·s¥Í©R¤§«º¶ÕÃþ¦ü¡A¦º¤`ªº«ÍÅé³£³Q©ñ¸m¦b¤£Åã²´ªº¥k¤U¤è¡A©ú«Gªº«e´º»P«á¤è·t¦â½Õªº¤s¯ßÅã²{¥XÀ¸¼@©Êªº±i¤O¡A¶Ç²Î¤¤¶H¼x¸t¾Â¤W¸t²½ªº¤õ¿V¦b¦¹ÂàÅܦ¨¸ÓÁô¨­«áªº¯«¸t¼««ã¡A¬Û¹ïªº¸ÓÁô¤]´N¦¨¤F³Q²½ªÁªº¯Ì¦Ï¡A¿Ñ±þªÌ¤Ï¦ÓÅܦ¨¯«ªº¼««ã¤§¤UªºÄ묹ªÌ¡C³o¼ËªºÂàÅܱN±µÄò¯«ªº¼¦¼§¤Î±ÏÅ«¡A§¹¾ãªº©Ó±µ³Ð³y¡B¼Z¸¨¡B¼Z¸¨¤§«áªº¸o¦æ¡B®¬§ï¡B¯«ªº¼¦¼§¤ÎÀ³³\ªº±ÏÅ«¡A³£¥i¥H¦b¥¬¹p§Jªº³Ð§@¤¤§ä¨ì»¡©ú¤F¤@¤è­±¯«ªº¥¿ª½¼f§P¦P®É¥]§t¤F¹ï©ó¼Z¸¨¥Ç¸oªº¼¦¼§»P·O´d¡C¹w¥Ü±ÏÅ«ªºÀ³³\¦b¸t¸g¤¤¬O¯«µ¹¤©¸ÓÁô¤@­Ó§K©ó³Q±þªº¦L°O¡ALamech¤]¦³¦P¼ËªºÀ³³\[17]¡F¦ÓÃö©ó¦L°Oªº¹Ï¹³¥i±q1826¦~³Ð¥@¬öªº¹]µ§¤â½Z¤¤¬Ý¥X¡A¸ÓÁô±q¨È§Bªº«ÍÅé®Ç°kÂ÷¡A±µ¤U¨Ó´N¬O¯«¦b¸ÓÁô«eÃB¯d¤U¦L°O¡A¶H¼x¹ï©ó¼e®¤¸o¦æ¦P®É¤]µ¹¤©¬ß±æªº±ÏÅ«[18]¡A´N¦p¦PLamechªº¬G¨Æ±µÄò¤FNaomi¦^¨ìÀ³³\¤§¦a¤@¼Ë¡A­«ÂI³£¤£¬O¯«ªº¼««ã»P¼f§P¡A¦Ó¬O±j½Õ±q¤HÃþ±¡·PªºÅåÄß·í¤¤©µ¦ù¥X¼¦¼§»P¦A¥Í¡F¦¹ºØ¦b¤@­Ó¹Ï¹³¦P®É¥]§t¤F¨¸´cªº¿Ñ±þ¡B³QÄ묹ªÌªº¦P±¡¡AÁÙ¦³¹ï©ó¥¿¸q¤§Å宣¡B±¡·P¤Wªº½ÄÀ»¡A¤S¤ÏŨ¥X¯«·O´d¦Ó¼¦¼§ªº±ÏÅ«¡A¤@ª½³£¬O¥¬¹p§J»P·í®É¨ä¥LÃÀ³N®a¬Û·í¤£¦Pªº¸àÄÀ¡C

 ¡@¡@³oºØ°ÊºA¹Ï¹³ªº§e²{¦bMitchellªº¤å³¹¡§The Blake¡¦s pictorial style¡¨¥ç«ü¥X¡A±q³Ì¤pªº³Ð§@¤¸¯À¤@ª½¨ì¨ì¾ã´Tµe¬Æ¦Üµe»Pµe¡Bµe»P¸Ö¤å¤§¶¡³£Âæ³¥¿¤Ï¤£©w¡B¬y°Ê´å²¾ªº¯S¦³­·®æ¡G½u±ø»P¦â±mªº¹ï¥ß©Î¹B¥Î¡B¥ú»P¼v¡B¤G«×ªÅ¶¡©Î¥ßÅ骺ªí²{¡B®É¶¡»PªÅ¶¡¡B¤HÅéµÛ¦ç©Î»rÅS¡BÂX±i©Î¦¬ÁYªºµ¥µ¥¡AÁÙ¦³¸Ö¤åªº³¡¥÷¤]Åý¹Ï¹³¾Ö¦³°ÊºA±Ô­zªº¯S©Ê¡A¤@ºØ»y¨¥¯ëªº®É¶¡©Ê¶i¤J¤Fµe­±¤§¤¤¡A¸Ö«h¦]µÛ¹Ï¹³¦Ó³Q©TµÛ¤U¨Ó¡C¦^À³¨ì¦b²Ä¤G³¡¥÷¹ï©ó¼»¥¹§Î¶Hªº´y¼g¡A³Ð³y»P¼Z¸¨¡Bµ½»P´c¡B¥¿»P¨¸¡B±þ¤HªÌ»P³QÄ묹ªÌ¡B¥¿¸q»P¼¦¼§µ¥µ¥³£¬O¥²µM­n¦P®É¦s¦bªº¤@Åé¨â­±¡F©Î¬O¦b1795¦~ªº¤Q¤G´T¤j«¬±m¹Ï¤¤¡Aµe»Pµe¤§¶¡©¼¦¹©IÀ³¹ï·Ó¡A¤]³£Åã¥Ü¬Û¨Ì¦s¤£¥i¤Àªº·N©À¡A¦b¥¬¹p§JÅGÃÒ¤£¥ðªº³Ð§@¹Lµ{¤¤¤£Â_¥X²{¡A¤]©Î³\¬OÃÀ³N®a´M¨D¤ßÆF¦w·²¤§³B¥²¸gªº¸ô³~¡C³o¼Ë³]­p¤º²[©Ò´M¨Dªº²×·¥·N¸q©Î³\¥i¥H¦b1822¦~¡§The Ghost of Abel¡¨ªº¹Ïª©[19] (fig. 55.56)

fig. 55 fig. 56

¤§¤¤§ä¨ì¤@¨Ç§ó¨ãÅ骺µª®×¡A¤]´À²Ä¤T³¡¥÷ªº°Q½×¤U¤@­Ó¤pµ²½×¡F¦¹¹Ïª©¨ä¤¤ªº¤å¦r¤º®e¬O¥HÀ¸¼@ºt»¡ªº¤è¦¡±Ô­z¤F¨È§B³Q±þ¤§«á¡A®L«½¡B¨È·í¡B­C©MµØ¡B¼»¥¹ªº¹ï¸Ü¡A­«ÂI¬O¤ÏÂà¶Ç²Î¹ï©óÅ«¸o·§©À¬O¸g¥Ñ¨È§BªºÄ묹¹w¥Ü°ò·þªº³Q°v¤Q¦r¬[¤§Å«¸o¡A¤å¦r¤¤Åã¥Ü¹L¥h³oºØ¥H²´ÁÙ²´¦å¶Å¦åÁÙªº´_¤³¬O¼É§g¦¡¡B¥X©ó¼»¥¹ªº·Qªk¡A¥X©ó±N¦Û¤v°ªÁ|¦¨¬°¯«ªº·N©À¡F¸ÓÁôªº·I¥S­«½Æ¤F¤HÃþªº¼Z¸¨¡A³o¼Ë¤@¦A­«½Æªº¼Z¸¨¥@¬É¤£¯à¥Ñ°ò·þ¤§¦ºµ²§ô³o­Ó´`Àô¡A¦Ó¬O­n¾a¥X©ó¯«ªº¼¦¼§©M·O´d³Ó¹L¹ï©ó¸o´c¤§´_¤³¡C¦ì©ó¤å¦r®Çªº´¡¹Ï¬O¡G(1)¥¼¼Z¸¨¤§«eªº¨È·í»P®L«½¯¸¦bª¾ÃѾð¤U¡F¤å¦r±Ô­z¬O¨È·í©M®L«½µo²{¨È§Bªº«ÍÅé¡A¨È·í©M­C©MµØªº¹ï¸Ü¡C(2)¤@¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï­°Á{¡A¦V§¤µÛªº¨È·í«Å§i²Ä¤@­Ó¸T¥O¡A¡u¤À§Oµ½´c¾ð¤WªºªG¤l¡A§A¤£¥i¦Y¡v¡F¤å¦r±Ô­z¨È§Bªº»î¾z­n¨D´_¤³¡A¤@©RÁÙ¤@©R¡C(3)¨È·í©M®L«½¦Y¤F¸TªG¡F¤å¦r¤¤®L«½¤Î¨È·í¦V­C©MµØ±Ô­z¸ÓÁô¿Ñ±þ¨È§Bªº¸g¹L¡C(4)ºØ¦aªº¸ÓÁô¦b¼½ºØªº§Î¶H¡F¤å¦r¤¤¨È§B¦A¦¸­n¨D´_¤³¡A¦å¶Å¦åÁÙ¡C(5)¸ÓÁô±O±þ¨È§B¡F¤å¦r±Ô­z¬O­C©MµØ±N¥H¯Ì¦Ï¬°Ä묹ū¸oªº²½«~¡C(6)¸ÓÁô¦b¤W«Ò­±«e¹Á¸Õ¦Û§ÚÅG¸Ñ¡F¤å¦r±Ô­z¤F¼»¥¹ªº¥X²{¡A¥L¬O¯u¥¿±N¦Û¤v°ª©ï»P¯«¤@¼Ë¦a¦ì¡A­n¨D¦A¦¸¬y¦åÀv¶Åªº¼É§g¡C(7)³Ì«á»P¤å¦r¤¤­C©MµØ«Å§i¼»¥¹¼Z¸¨¤J¥Ã«íªº¦aº»¡AÀ³³\¤HÃþ¦P­M¾Ö¦³·R»P©M¥­¡F´¡¹Ï¬O¨È·í©M®L«½¦^¨ì¤F¥ì¨l¶é¡A¯¸¥ß¦b³Q³D©ÒÄñ¶ªºª¾ÃѾð¤U¡C¦b³o²³æªº¨â­¶¹Ïª©¤¤¤£Ãøµo²{¥¬¹p§JÅý¤å¦r»P¹Ï¹³¥­¦æµo®i¤¬¬ÛÅGÃÒ¡A³Ð³y»P¤HÃþ­º¦¸¦Y¤F¸TªGªº­I«q¡B¼Z¸¨¤§«á²Ä¤@©v¿Ñ±þ®×¦P®Éµo¥Í¡A¯«ªº¥¿¸q¤Î©R¥O»P¤HÃþ¦Û§Úªº¨p¤ß´_¤³¬Û¹ïÀ³¡A¤HÃþªº¹ï¥ß»P¯«À³³\ªº±ÏÅ«¡A¼»¥¹»P¤HÃþ¦Û§Ú¦a¦ìªº¹L«×©ï°ª³£¬O¤@Åé¨â­±¡A³Ì«á¤´¬O¯«ªº·R³Ó¹L¤@¤Á¡A¼Z¸¨ªº¥@¬É±o¨ì³j¸o¡C¤£½×­I«áªº¯«¾ÇÆ[©Î»ù­ÈÆ[¬°¦ó¡A¥¬¹p§JÂǥѨä¯S®íªº¹Ï¤å§e²{¤è¦¡¡AÂàÅܸÓÁô»P¨È§Bªº¬G¨ÆÄAÂжDzλù­ÈÆ[¡Aµo´§¤F·¥¤jªº·Q¹³¤OÅýÆ[ªÌ±q¸ÓÁô¡B©Î¬O¨ä¥L¹Ï¹³¤Î¤å¦r¤¤¥ô¤@ªº¨¤¦â¤¤§ä¨ì»{¦P¡A³Ð§@ªÌ»PÆ[ªÌ¤]±q¨ä¤¤©ú¥Õ¯«ªº¼¦¼§¤Î¦w¼¢¡Ð¡ÐÀ³³\¤HÃþ¦P­M¥Ã«íªº©M¥­»P·R¡C


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[1] ¦b¦¹©Ò¿ï¾Üªº±Æ¦C¬O¥HDW. Lindsay©Ò¼gªº¤å³¹The Order of Blake¡¦s Large Color Prints¬°ÂÅ¥»¡C

[2] ³Ð¥@¬ö¤@³¹26-27¸`¡G¯«»¡¡G¡§§Ú­Ì­n·ÓµÛ§Ú­Ìªº§Î¹³¡A«öµÛ§Ú­Ìªº¼Ë¦¡³y¤H¡A¨Ï¥L­ÌºÞ²z®ü¸Ìªº³½¡BªÅ¤¤ªº³¾¡B¦a¤Wªº¬¹¯b©M¥þ¦a¡A¨Ã¦a¤W©Òª¦ªº¤@¤Á©øÂΡC¡¨ ¯«´N·ÓµÛ¦Û¤vªº§Î¹³³y¤H¡A¤D¬O·ÓµÛ¥Lªº§Î¹³³y¨k³y¤k¡C

  ³Ð¥@¬ö¤T³¹4-6¸`¡G³D¹ï¤k¤H»¡¡G¡§§A­Ì¤£¤@©w¦º¡A¦]¬°¡@¯«ª¾¹D¡A§A­Ì¦Yªº¤é¤l²´·ú´N©ú«G¤F¡A§A­Ì«K¦p¡@¯«¯àª¾¹Dµ½´c¡C¡¨ ©ó¬O¡A¤k¤H¨£¨º´Ê¾ðªºªG¤l¦n§@­¹ª«¡A¤]®®¤Hªº²´¥Ø¡A¥B¬O¥i³ß·Rªº¡A¯à¨Ï¤H¦³´¼¼z¡A´NºK¤UªG¤l¨Ó¦Y¤F¡F¤Sµ¹¦o¤V¤Ò¡A¦o¤V¤Ò¤]¦Y¤F¡C

[3] ¦b¥¬¹p§Jªº¡¦A Vision of the Last Jugdment¡¦¡G¡¨Error is Created. Truth is Eternal. Error, or Creation will be Burned up, and then, and not till Then, Truth or Eternity will appear. It is Burnt up the Moment Men cease to behold it.¡¨ (K. 617)

[4] Paradise Lost¡A Book One¡GHis ponderous shield¡AEthereal temper¡Amassy¡Alarge and round¡Abehind his cast¡Athe broad circumference hung on his shoulders like the moon¡FHis spear¡Ato equal which the tallest Pine hewn on Norwegian hills¡Ato be the mast of some great Ammiral¡C(284-287, 292-294)

[5] He who sees the infinite in all things, sees God. He who sees the Ratio only sees himself only.

[6] ¥L¥ß°ª¤Ñ¡A§Ú¦b¨º¸Ì¡F¥L¦b²W­±ªº©P³ò¹º¥X¶ê°é¡C

[7] ¤ý§h©J¤ÓºÊªø¨È¬IÏi®³±q¥H¦â¦C¤Hªº©v«Ç©M¶Q«`¤¤±a¶i´X­Ó¤H¨Ó¡A´N¬O¦~¤Ö¨S¦³´Ý¯e¡B¬Û»ª«T¬ü¡B³q¹F¦U¼Ë¾Ç°Ý¡Bª¾ÃÑÁo©ú­Ñ³Æ¡B¨¬¯à¨Í¥ß¦b¤ý®c¸Ìªº¡A­n±Ð¥L­Ì­{°Ç©³ªº¤å¦r¨¥»y¡C

[8] ¡§He formed scales to weigh;

   He formed massy weights;

   He formed a brazen quadrant;

   He formed golden compass

   And begin to explore the Abyss

   And he planted a garden of fruits¡¨.

[9] ·í®É³o¸Ü´NÀ³Åç¦b¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»ªº¨­¤W¡A¥L³Q»°¥XÂ÷¶}¥@¤H¡A¦Y¯ó¦p¤û¡A¨­³Q¤ÑÅSºwÀã¡AÀY¾vªøªø¡A¦n¹³ÆN¤ò¡A«ü¥Òªøªø¡A¦p¦P³¾¤ö¡C

[10] ³Ð¥@¬ö¥|³¹17-26¸`¡G¸ÓÁô»P©d¤l¦P©Ð¡A¥L©d¤l´NÃh¥¥¡A¥Í¤F¥H¿Õ¡C¸ÓÁô«Ø³y¤F¤@®y«°¡A´N«öµÛ¥L¨à¤lªº¦W¡A±N¨º«°¥s§@¥H¿Õ¡C¥H¿Õ¥Í¥H®³¡F¥H®³¥Í¦Ì¤á¶®§Q¡F¦Ì¤á¶®§Q¥Íº¿¤g¼»§Q¡Fº¿¤g¼»§Q¥Í©Ô³Á¡C©Ô³Á°ù¤F¨â­Ó©d¡A¤@­Ó¦W¥s¨È¤j¡A¤@­Ó¦W¥s¬~©Ô¡C¨È¤j¥Í¶®¤K¡A¶®¤K´N¬O¦í±b´×¡Bªª¾i¬¹¯b¤§¤Hªº¯ª®v¡C¶®¤Kªº¥S§Ì¦W¥sµS¤K¡A¥L¬O¤@¤Á¼uµ^§j­¤§¤Hªº¯ª®v¡C¬~©Ô¤S¥Í¤F¤g¤K¸ÓÁô¡A¥L¬O¥´³y¦U¼Ë»ÉÅK§Q¾¹ªº¡]µù¡G©Î§@¡§¬O»É¦K¡BÅK¦Kªº¯ª®v¡¨¡^¡C¤g¤K¸ÓÁôªº©f¤l¬O®³º¿¡C©Ô³Á¹ï¥L¨â­Ó©d¤l»¡¡G¡§¨È¤j¡B¬~©Ô¡AÅ¥§ÚªºÁn­µ¡F©Ô³Áªº©d¤l²ÓÅ¥§Úªº¸Ü»y¡G§§¦~¤H¶Ë§Ú¡A§Ú§â¥L±þ¤F¡F¤Ö¦~¤H·l§Ú¡A§Ú§â¥L®`¤F¡C­Y±þ¸ÓÁô¡A¾D³ø¤C­¿¡F±þ©Ô³Á¡A¥²¾D³ø¤C¤Q¤C­¿¡C¡¨ ¨È·í¤S»P©d¤l¦P©Ð¡A¦o´N¥Í¤F¤@­Ó¨à¤l¡A°_¦W¥s¶ë¯S¡A·N«ä»¡¡G¡@¯«¥tµ¹§Ú¥ß¤F¤@­Ó¨à¤l¥N´À¨È§B¡A¦]¬°¸ÓÁô±þ¤F¥L¡C

  ¸ô±o°O¤@³¹6-10, 14-18¸`¡G¦o´N»P¨â­Ó¨à°ü°_¨­¡A­n±q¼¯©ã¦aÂk¦^¡A¦]¬°¦o¦b¼¯©ã¦aÅ¥¨£­C©MµØ²²ÅU¦Û¤vªº¦Ê©m¡A½ç³­¹»P¥L­Ì¡C©ó¬O¡A¦o©M¨â­Ó¨à°ü°_¦æÂ÷¶}©Ò¦íªº¦a¤è¡A­n¦^µS¤j¦a¥h¡C®³«X¦Ì¹ï¨â­Ó¨à°ü»¡¡G¡§§A­Ì¦U¤H¦^®Q®a¥h§a¡IÄ@­C©MµØ®¦«Ý§A­Ì¡A¹³§A­Ì®¦«Ý¤w¦ºªº¤H»P§Ú¤@¼Ë¡CÄ@­C©MµØ¨Ï§A­Ì¦U¦b·s¤Ò®a¤¤±o¥­¦w¡I¡¨©ó¬O¡A®³«X¦Ì»P¦o­Ì¿Ë¼L¡C¦o­Ì´N©ñÁn¦Ó­ú¡A»¡¡G¡§¤£µM¡A§Ú­Ì¥²»P§A¤@¦P¦^§A¥»°ê¥h¡C¡¨

              ¨â­Ó¨à°ü¤S©ñÁn¦Ó­ú¡A«XÒ­¤Ú»P±C±C¿Ë¼L¦Ó§O¡A¥u¬O¸ô±o±Ë¤£±o®³«X¦Ì¡C®³«X¦Ì»¡¡G¡§¬Ý­þ¡A§A·A¤l¤w¸g¦^¦o¥»°ê©M¦o©Ò«ôªº¯«¨º¸Ì¥h¤F¡A§A¤]¸òµÛ§A·A¤l¦^¥h§a¡I¡¨ ¸ô±o»¡¡G¡§¤£­n¶Ê§Ú¦^¥h¤£¸òÀH§A¡C§A©¹­þ¸Ì¥h¡A§Ú¤]©¹¨º¸Ì¥h¡F§A¦b­þ¸Ì¦í±J¡A§Ú¤]¦b¨º¸Ì¦í±J¡F§Aªº°ê´N¬O§Úªº°ê¡A§Aªº¡@¯«´N¬O§Úªº¡@¯«¡C§A¦b­þ¸Ì¦º¡A§Ú¤]¦b¨º¸Ì¦º¡A¤]¸®¦b¨º¸Ì¡C°£«D¦º¯à¨Ï§A§Ú¬ÛÂ÷¡A¤£µM¡AÄ@­C©MµØ­«­«¦a­°»@»P§Ú¡I¡¨ ®³«X¦Ì¨£¸ô±o©w·N­n¸òÀH¦Û¤v¥h¡A´N¤£¦AÄU¦o¤F¡C

[11] The speech of Macbeth:¡¨ And pity, like a naked new-born babe,

                      Striding the blast, or heaven¡¦s cherubin, hors¡¦d

                      Upon the sightless couriers of the air, the air,

                      Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye,

                      That fears shall drown the wind¡K¡¨  (Macbeth,£L, ¢¿)

[12] Paradise Lost, 11¡G489-493¡CDespair tended the sick busiest from Couch to Couch¡FAnd over them triumphant Death his Dart shook, but delayed to strike, though oft invok¡¦t With vows, as their chief good, and final hope.

[13] ¡§³o¼Ë¸T­¹¡A°Z¬O§Ú©Ò´z¿ï¡B¨Ï¤H¨è­W¤v¤ßªº¤é¤l¶Ü¡H°Z¬O¥s¤H««ÀY¹³¸«¤l¡A¥Î³Â¥¬©MÄl¦Ç¾Q¦b¥L¥H¤U¶Ü¡H§A³o¥iºÙ¬°¸T­¹¡B¬°­C©MµØ©Ò®®¯Çªº¤é¤l¶Ü¡H¡¨

[14] Paradise Lost, 11¡G479-484¡CImmediately a place before his eyes appeared, sad, noysom, dark, A Lazar-house it seemed, wherein were laid Numbers of all diseas¡¦d, all maladies Of Gastly Spasm, or racking torture, qualms Of heart-sick Agonie, all feavorous kinds, Convulsions, Epilepsies, fierce Catarrhs, ¡K¡K¡K.

[15] Luke 24: 36-40 ¥¿»¡³o¸Üªº®É­Ô¡A­C¿q¿Ë¦Û¯¸¦b¥L­Ì·í¤¤¡A»¡¡G¡§Ä@§A­Ì¥­¦w¡I¡¨

               ¥L­Ì«oÅå·W®`©È¡A¥H¬°©Ò¬Ý¨£ªº¬O»î¡C

               ­C¿q»¡¡G¡§§A­Ì¬°¬Æ»ò·T·Ð¡H¬°¬Æ»ò¤ß¸Ì°_ºÃ©À©O¡H

               §A­Ì¬Ý§Úªº¤â¡A§Úªº¸}¡A´Nª¾¹D¹ê¦b¬O§Ú¤F¡CºN§Ú¬Ý¬Ý¡I»îµL°©µL¦×¡A§A­Ì¬Ý¡A§Ú¬O¦³ªº¡C¡¨ »¡¤F³o¸Ü¡A´N§â¤â©M¸}µ¹¥L­Ì¬Ý¡C

  John 20: 19-23 ¨º¤é¡]´N¬O¤C¤éªº²Ä¤@¤é¡^±ß¤W¡Aªù®{©Ò¦bªº¦a¤è¡A¦]©ÈµS¤Ó¤H¡Aªù³£Ãö¤F¡C­C¿q¨Ó¯¸¦b·í¤¤¡A¹ï¥L­Ì»¡¡G¡§Ä@§A­Ì¥­¦w¡I¡¨

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[16] The voice of the Devil: All bibles or sacred codes, have been the causes of the following errors.

1.        That the man has two real existing principles Viz: a body and a soul.

2.        That Energy. called Evil. is alone from the Body. And that reason. called Good. is alone from the Soul.

3.        That God will torment Man in Eternity for following his Energies.

But the following Contraries to these are True.

1.        Man has no Body distinct from Soul for that called Body is a portion of Soul discerned by the five senses, the chief inlets of Soul in this age.

2.        Energy is the only life and is from the Body and Reason is the bound or outward circumference of Energy.

3.        Energy is Eternal Delight.

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[18] ¡§How Generation &Death took possession of the Natural Man & of the Forgiveness of Sins written upon the murderers Forehead¡¨¡C(E667)

[19] ³o¹Ïª©¬O¹ï©óLord Byron ªºÀ¸¼@¡§Cain, A mystery¡¨ªº¦^À³¡C

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